Notes de sortie de Fedora

Fedora Documentation Project

Version 8.0.1 (2007-11-04)

This document is released under the terms of the Open Publication License. For more details, read the full legalnotice in Section 3, « Legal Notice ».

[Astuce] Latest Release Notes on the Web

These release notes may be updated. Visit http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ to view the latest release notes for Fedora Core.

Historique des versions
Version 8.0.1 2007-11-04 PWF

Zero-day update for F8

Version 8.0.0 2007-10-22 PWF

Sortir une nouvelle version comme version finale

Version 7.92 2007-10-02 PWF

Update content for F8 test3


1. Bienvenue dans Fedora
2. Soulignement de sortie
2.1. Aperçu de Fedora
2.2. Nouveautés de Fedora
2.2.1. Spins
2.2.2. Features
2.3. Feuille de route
3. Legal Notice
4. Retours d'utilisation
4.1. Retour d'utilisation pour les logiciels de Fedora
4.2. Retours de lecture pour les notes de sortie
5. Notes d'installation
5.1. Modifications dans Anaconda
5.2. Problèmes liés à l'installation
5.2.1. IDE RAID
5.2.2. Multiple NICs and PXE Installation
5.2.3. HP ProLiant DL360 with Smart Array
5.2.4. Drivers Requiring Firmware
5.3. Problèmes liés à la mise à jour
5.3.1. SCSI driver partition limits
5.3.2. Disk partitions must be labeled
5.3.3. Upgrades versus fresh installations
6. Notes spécifiques aux architectures
6.1. Support de RPM multi-architecture sur plateformes 64 bits (x86-64, ppc64)
6.2. Spécificités de l'architecture PPC pour Fedora
6.2.1. Configuration matérielle requise pour PPC
6.2.2. 4 KiB Pages on 64-bit machines
6.2.3. Le clavier Apple
6.2.4. Notes d'installation pour plateforme PPC
6.3. Spécificités de l'architecture x86 pour Fedora
6.3.1. Configuration matérielle requise pour x86
6.4. Spécificités de l'architecture x86_64 pour Fedora
6.4.1. Configuration matérielle requise pour x86_64
7. Images live Fedora
7.1. Images disponibles
7.2. Informations d'utilisation
7.3. Text Mode Installation
7.4. USB Booting
7.5. Differences From a Regular Fedora Install
8. Notes sur les paquetages
8.1. Yum Changes
8.2. Utility Packages
9. Noyau Linux
9.1. Version
9.2. Changelog
9.3. Déclinaisons du noyau
9.4. Rapporter des bogues
9.5. Préparation au développement du noyau
10. Fedora pour ordinateur de bureau
10.1. GNOME
10.2. KDE
10.3. Navigateurs web
10.3.1. Enabling Flash Plugin
10.4. Clients mails
10.5. Liberation Fonts
11. Systèmes de fichiers
12. Serveurs de courrier
12.1. Sendmail
13. Développement
13.1. Outils
13.1.1. Collection de compilateurs GCC
13.1.2. Eclipse
13.2. KDE 4 Development Platform
14. Sécurité
14.1. Security Enhancements
14.2. Informations générales
14.2.1. SELinux
15. IcedTea and java-gcj-compat
15.1. IcedTea
15.2. Gestion des applets Java
15.3. java-gcj-compat
15.4. Gestion de Java et des paquetages Java
15.5. Fedora et les paquetages Java JPackage
15.6. Maven (v2)
16. Multimédia
16.1. Lecteurs multimédia
16.2. Ogg et les formats de la Fondation Xiph.Org
16.3. MP3, DVD et autres formats multimédia exclus de la distribution
16.4. Création et gravure de CD et DVD
16.5. Screencasts
16.6. Support étendu grâce aux greffons
17. Jeux et divertissement
17.1. Haxima
18. Virtualisation
18.1. Changements aux paquetages de virtualisation
19. Système X Window (Système graphique)
19.1. Changements de configuration de X
19.2. Les notes du pilote Intel
19.3. Pilotes vidéo tiers
20. Serveurs de base de données
20.1. MySQL
20.1.1. Pilote DBD
20.2. PostgreSQL
21. Internationalisation (i18n)
21.1. Language Coverage
21.1.1. Language support installation
21.1.2. Transifex
21.2. Fonts
21.2.1. Arabic fonts
21.2.2. Chinese fonts
21.2.3. Hebrew fonts
21.2.4. Indic fonts
21.2.5. Japanese fonts
21.2.6. Korean fonts
21.2.7. Sinhala font
21.3. Input Methods
21.3.1. Improved im-chooser
21.3.2. SCIM hotkeys
21.3.3. Other input methods
22. Rétro-compatibilité
22.1. Compiler Compatibility
23. Modification des paquetages
24. Le Projet Fedora
25. Colophon
25.1. Contributeurs
25.2. Méthodes de production

1. Bienvenue dans Fedora

The Fedora Project is a Red Hat sponsored and community supported open source project. Its goal is the rapid progress of free and open source software and content. The Fedora Project makes use of public forums, open processes, rapid innovation, meritocracy, and transparency in pursuit of the best operating system and platform that free and open source software can provide.

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

[Important] Older Release Notes on the Web

If you are migrating from a release of Fedora older than the immediately previous one, you should refer to older Release Notes for additional information. You can find older Release Notes at http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/.

Vous pouvez aider la communauté du Projet Fedora à continuer d'améliorer Fedora en rapportant des bogues et en soumettant des demandes d'améliorations. Visitez la page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequestshttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests

Pour obtenir des information générales sur Fedora, veuillez consulter les pages web suivantes :

[Note] Liens vers les documents

Si vous lisez ces notes de sortie pendant le processus d'installation de Fedora Core, quelques liens ne pourraient pas fonctionner proprement. Les notes de sorties sont aussi disponibles comme post-installation dans le navigateur par page par défaut. Si vous êtes connecté à internet, utilisez ces liens pour trouver d'autres ressources d'informations à propos de Fedora et de la communauté qui la crée et la supporte.

2. Soulignement de sortie

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

2.1. Aperçu de Fedora

You can find a tour filled with pictures and videos of this exciting new release at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tours/Fedora8.

2.2. Nouveautés de Fedora

Cette version inclut un nombre significatif de nouvelles versions de logiciels et de technologies. Les sections suivantes fournissent un bref aperçu des modifications majeures depuis la dernière version de Fedora.

2.2.1. Spins

Fedora includes several different spins, which are variations of Fedora built from a specific set of software packages. Each spin has a combination of software to meet the requirements of a specific kind of end user. In addition to a very small boot.iso image for network installation, users have the following spin choices:

  • A regular Fedora image for desktops, workstations, and server users. This spin provides a good upgrade path and similar environment for users of previous releases of Fedora.

  • One of four Live images that can be run from a disc or USB flash device, and can be installed to hard disk as desired. See the "Live" section for more information about the Live images.

More custom spins are available at http://spins.fedoraproject.org. Remember that these Live images can be used on USB media via the livecd-iso-to-disk utility available in the livecd-tools package.

2.2.2. Features

  • This release features GNOME 2.20. GNOME now includes mail notification in the Evolution mail client, the ability to fill in PDF forms in the Evince document viewer, improved file management, a revamped Appearance control panel applet, a revised help system, and many other enhancements.

  • Online Desktop provides a desktop experience designed around online services. A preview of Online Desktop is provided via BigBoard, which is a optional sidebar in GNOME.

  • KDE 3.5.8 is available in the KDE Live image as well as the regular DVD. The KDE 4 (Beta) Development Environment is available in the repository.

  • Xfce 4.4.1 is available as part of this release.

  • NetworkManager 0.7 provides improved wireless network management support. It includes support for multiple devices and provides the capability of system-wide configuration, among many other enhancements.

  • PulseAudio is now installed and enabled by default. PulseAudio is an advanced sound server compatible with nearly all existing Linux sound systems. PulseAudio allows for hot-switching audio outputs, individual volume controls for each audio stream, networked audio, and more.

  • CodecBuddy is now included, and promotes free, superior quality, open formats to end users trying to play multimedia content under patent encumbered or proprietary formats.

  • Compiz Fusion, the compositing window manager that re-merges Compiz and Beryl, is installed by default. To enable Compiz Fusion in GNOME, use the SystemPreferencesDesktop Effects tool. Ongoing, long term Xorg work continues to enable Compiz by default.

  • The completely free and open source Java environment called IcedTea is installed by default. IcedTea is derived from OpenJDK, includes a browser plugin based on GCJ, and is available for both x86 and x86_64 architectures. GCJ is still the default on PPC architecture.

  • OpenOffice.org 2.3, with many new features, is available as part of Fedora 8.

  • Bluetooth devices and tools now have better graphical and system integration.

  • Laptop users benefit from the "quirks" feature in HAL, including better suspend/resume and multimedia keyboard support.

  • There is now improved power management thanks to both a tickless kernel in x86 and x86_64 architectures, and a reduction in unnecessary processor wakeups via powertop.

  • This release of Fedora has a new look and feel, called Infinity, from the Fedora Art team.

  • Nodoka, a fresh new GNOME theme created specially for Fedora, is available in this release.

  • A new online browser home page, http://start.fedoraproject.org, appears in this release.

  • Fedora continues to improve its many proactive security features, and FORTIFY_SOURCE has now been enhanced to cover C++ in addition to C, which prevents many security exploits.

  • A brand new graphical firewall configuration tool, system-config-firewall, replaces system-config-securitylevel.

  • This release offers Kiosk functionality via SELinux, among many new enhancements and security policy changes.

  • The glibc package in Fedora 8 now has support for passwords using SHA256 and SHA512 hashing. Before only DES and MD5 were available. The tools to create passwords have not been extended yet, but if such passwords are created in others ways, glibc will recognize and honor them.

  • Secure remote management capability is now provided for Xen, KVM, and QEMU in Fedora 8 virtualization.

  • Eclipse 3.3 (Europa), a new release of the acclaimed development platform, is available as part of this release.

  • Dans cette version, les performances de yum, Pirut et Pup ont été significativement améliorées.

  • The Add/Remove Programs tool, pirut, introduces a new graphical interface for managing software repositories. Use EditRepositories to enable/disable any of the installed software repositories.

  • Live installations are faster and require a smaller root filesystem. The file system layout has also changed somewhat. System files for the Live images are now under LiveOS/, and a new README file has been provided as a short introduction to the live image.

  • Transifex provides a web-based translation interface to allow users to contribute translation work for Fedora hosted projects as well as being able to provide translations to upstream directly to any upstream project.

  • Integration of unique build IDs into Fedora's software building infrastructure now provides enhanced debugging capabilities and core dumps.

  • Fedora now offers easier rebranding of Fedora derivatives via a generic-logos software package. Changes in Fedora's mirror structure also make creation of derivatives easier.

  • The pam_console module usage has been removed in favor of access control via HAL, which modernizes the desktop.

  • Fedora 8 features a 2.6.23 based kernel.

2.3. Feuille de route

Les futurs projets pour la prochaine version de Fedora sont disponibles sur http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/RoadMaphttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/RoadMap

3. Legal Notice

Copyright (c) 2007 by Red Hat, Inc. and others. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/.

The Fedora Art Project created the admonition graphics (note, tip, important, caution, and warning). Tommy Reynolds created the callout graphics. They all may be freely redistributed with documentation produced for the Fedora Project.

FEDORA, FEDORA PROJECT, and the Fedora Logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., are registered or pending registration in the U.S. and other countries, and are used here under license to the Fedora Project.

Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat Inc. in the United States and other countries.

All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners.

Documentation, as with software itself, may be subject to export control. Read about Fedora Project export controls at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal/Export.

4. Retours d'utilisation

Merci de prendre le temps de faire part de vos commentaires, suggestions et rapports de bugs à la communauté de Fedora. De la sorte, vous nous aidez à améliorer Fedora, Linux et le logiciel libre dans le monde entier.

4.1. Retour d'utilisation pour les logiciels de Fedora

To provide feedback on Fedora software or other system elements, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests. A list of commonly reported bugs and known issues for this release is available from http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/F8Common.

4.2. Retours de lecture pour les notes de sortie

[Important] Retour de lecture uniquement pour les notes de sortie

Cette section concerne les retours de lecture des notes de sorties.

Si vous pensez qu'elles peuvent être améliorées d'une façon ou d'une autre, vous pouver envoyer vos commentaires directement aux rédacteurs. Voici quelques manières de le faire, par ordre de préférence :

  1. Si vous avez un compte Fedora, éditez directment le contenu à http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats

  2. Fill out a bug request using this template: http://tinyurl.com/nej3u - This link is ONLY for feedback on the release notes themselves. Refer to the admonition above for details.

  3. Courriel relnotes@fedoraproject.org

5. Notes d'installation

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

[Important] Guide d'installation de Fedora

Pour voir comment installer Fedora, voir la page http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/.

[Astuce] Installation issues not covered in these release notes

If you encounter a problem or have a question during installation that is not covered in these relese notes, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ and http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common.

Anaconda is the name of the Fedora installer. This section outlines issues related to Anaconda and installing Fedora 8.

[Note] Téléchargement de gros fichiers

If you intend to download the Fedora DVD ISO image, keep in mind that not all file downloading tools can accommodate files larger than 2 GiB in size. Tools without this limitation include wget 1.9.1-16 and above, curl, and ncftpget. BitTorrent is another method for downloading large files. For information about obtaining and using the torrent file, refer to http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/.

Anaconda tests the integrity of installation media by default. This function works with the CD, DVD, hard drive ISO, and NFS ISO installation methods. The Fedora Project recommends that you test all installation media before starting the installation process and before reporting any installation-related bugs. Many of the bugs reported are actually due to improperly-burned CDs or DVDs.

The mediacheck function is highly sensitive, and may report some usable discs as faulty. This result is often caused by disc writing software that does not include padding when creating discs from ISO files. To use this test, at boot time hit any key to enter the menu. Then press the Tab key, add the option mediacheck to the parameter list, and press Enter.

After you complete the mediacheck function successfully, reboot to return DMA mode to its normal state. On many systems, this results in a faster installation process from the disc. You may skip the mediacheck option when rebooting.

[Important] BitTorrent vérifie automatiquement l'intégrité des fichiers

If you use BitTorrent, any files you download are automatically validated. If your file completes downloading, you do not need to check it. Once you burn your CD or DVD, however, you should still use mediacheck to test the integrity of the media.

To perform memory testing before you install Fedora, press any key to enter the boot menu, then select Memory Test. This option runs the Memtest86 stand alone memory testing software in place of Anaconda. Memtest86 memory testing continues until you press the Esc key.

[Note] Disponibilité de Memtest86

You must boot from Installation Disc 1, the DVD, or a rescue CD in order to use this feature.

Fedora 8 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations. However, the installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on local storage, such as Installation Disc 1. Therefore, only systems with more than 192MiB of RAM, or which boot from Installation Disc 1, can use the graphical installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to using the text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use the text-based installer, type linux text at the boot: prompt.

5.1. Modifications dans Anaconda

  • Improved Live images support

  • Ability to install from Live image running from RAM or USB stick

  • Support IEEE-1394 (Firewire) amélioré

  • Use of /dev/hdX is deprecated on i386 and x86_64 for IDE drives, and has changed to /dev/sdX except on PPC. See note about the importance of labeling devices for upgrades from FC6, and partition limitations.

5.2.1. IDE RAID

Not all IDE RAID controllers are supported. If your RAID controller is not yet supported by dmraid, you may combine drives into RAID arrays by configuring Linux software RAID. For supported controllers, configure the RAID functions in the computer BIOS.

5.2.2. Multiple NICs and PXE Installation

Some servers with multiple network interfaces may not assign eth0 to the first network interface as BIOS knows it, which can cause the installer to try using a different network interface than was used by PXE. To change this behavior, use the following in pxelinux.cfg/* config files:

IPAPPEND 2 
APPEND ksdevice=bootif

The configuration options above causes the installer to use the same network interface as BIOS and PXE use. You can also use the following option:

ksdevice=link 

This option causes the installer to use the first network device it finds that is linked to a network switch.

5.2.3. HP ProLiant DL360 with Smart Array

If you have difficulties with this installation not detecting the Smart Array card, try entering linux isa on the installer prompt. This lets you manually select the card.

5.2.4. Drivers Requiring Firmware

Currently, Anaconda is not able to load userland firmware. This means that any devices with a driver that relies on loaded firmware will not be supported at install time. This includes all QLogic storage controllers.

Consultez la page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DistributionUpgrades pour le détail des procédures de mise à jour pour Fedora.

5.3.1. SCSI driver partition limits

Whereas older IDE drivers supported up to 63 partitions per device, SCSI devices are limited to 15 partitions per device. Anaconda uses the new libata driver in the same fashion as the rest of Fedora, so it is unable to detect more than 15 partitions on an IDE disk during the installation or upgrade process.

If you are upgrading a system with more than 15 partitions, you may need to migrate the disk to Logical Volume Management (LVM). This restriction may cause conflicts with other installed systems if they do not support LVM. Most modern Linux distributions support LVM, and drivers are available for other operating systems as well.

5.3.2. Disk partitions must be labeled

A change in the way that the linux kernel handles storage devices means that device names like /dev/hdX or /dev/sdX may differ from the values used in earlier releases. Anaconda solves this problem by relying on partition labels. If these labels are not present, then Anaconda presents a warning indicating that partitions need to be labelled and that the upgrade can not proceed. Systems that use Logical Volume Management (LVM) and the device mapper usually do not require relabeling.

5.3.2.1. To check disk partition labels

To view partition labels, boot the existing Fedora installation, and enter the following at a terminal prompt:

/sbin/blkid

Confirm that each volume line in the list has a LABEL= value, as shown below:

/dev/hdd1: LABEL="/boot" UUID="ec6a9d6c-6f05-487e-a8bd-a2594b854406" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
5.3.2.2. Update the file system mount entries

If any filesystem labels were added or modified, then the device entries in /etc/fstab must be adjusted to match:

su -c 'cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig'
su -c 'gedit /etc/fstab'

An example of a mount by label entry is:

LABEL=f7-slash  /  ext3  defaults  1 1
5.3.2.3. Update the grub.conf kernel root entry

If the label for the / (root) filesystem was modified, the kernel boot parameter in the grub configuration file must also be modified:

su -c 'gedit /boot/grub/grub.conf'

A matching example kernel grub line is:

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.20-1.2948.fc6 ro root=LABEL=f7-slash rhgb quiet
5.3.2.4. Test changes made to labels

If partition labels were adjusted, or the /etc/fstab file modified, then boot the existing Fedora installation to confirm that all partitions still mount normally and login is successful. When complete, reboot with the installation media to start the installer and begin the upgrade.

5.3.3. Upgrades versus fresh installations

In general, fresh installations are recommended over upgrades, particularly for systems that include software from third-party repositories. Third-party packages remaining from a previous installation may not work as expected on an upgraded Fedora system. If you decide to perform an upgrade anyway, the following information may be helpful:

  • Before you upgrade, back up the system completely. In particular, preserve /etc, /home, and possibly /opt and /usr/local if customized packages are installed there. You may wish to use a multi-boot approach with a "clone" of the old installation on alternate partition(s) as a fallback. In that case, create alternate boot media, such as a GRUB boot floppy.

    [Astuce] Sauvegardes de la configuration système

    Les sauvegardes de configurations situées dans /etc sont également très utiles pour restaurer les paramètres système après une nouvelle installation.

  • Après avoir terminé la mise à jour, exécutez la commande suivante :

  • rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt 
    

    Inspect the end of the output for packages that pre-date the upgrade. Remove or upgrade those packages from third-party repositories, or otherwise deal with them as necessary. Some previously installed packages may no longer be available in any configured repository. To list all these packages, use the following command:

    su -c 'yum list extras'

6. Notes spécifiques aux architectures

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Cette section détaille les spécificités des architectures matérielles supportées par Fedora.

6.1. Support de RPM multi-architecture sur plateformes 64 bits (x86-64, ppc64)

RPM supports parallel installation of multiple architectures of the same package. A default package listing such as rpm -qa might appear to include duplicate packages, since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the repoquery command, part of the yum-utils package, which displays architecture by default. To install yum-utils, run the following command:

su -c 'yum install yum-utils'

Pour lister tous les paquetages en affichant leur architecture avec la commande rpm, exécutez la commande suivante :

rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"

Vous pouvez l'ajouter au fichier /etc/rpm/macros (pour appliquer l'option à tout le système) ou dans le fichier ~/.rpmmacros (pour appliquer l'option à votre utilisateur uniquement). Cela modifie la requête par défaut pour lister l'architecture des paquetages.

%_query_all_fmt      %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}

6.2. Spécificités de l'architecture PPC pour Fedora

Cette section regroupe les informations spécifiques à Fedora et à la plateforme matérielle PPC.

6.2.1. Configuration matérielle requise pour PPC

6.2.1.1. Processeur et mémoire
  • Processeur minimum : PowerPC G3 / POWER3

  • Fedora 8 supports only the "New World" generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward.

  • Fedora 8 also supports IBM pSeries, IBM iSeries, IBM RS/6000, Genesi Pegasos II, and IBM Cell Broadband Engine machines.

  • Fedora 8 includes new hardware support for Genesi Efika, and for the Sony PlayStation 3.

  • Configuration recommandée pour le mode texte : G3 233 MHz G3 ou plus puissant, 128Mo de RAM.

  • Configuration recommandée pour le mode graphique :G3 400 MHz ou plus puissant, 256Mo de RAM.

6.2.1.2. Espace disque

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 8 after installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img (on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

Plus précisément, l'espace supplémentaire peut varier de 90 MiB pour une installation minimale à 175 MiB pour une installation « complète ». La totalité des paquetages peut occuper plus de 9 Go d'espace disque.

De l'espace disque supplémentaire est également nécessaire pour les données des utilisateurs, au moins 5% de l'espace disque total devraient être gardés libres pour garantir le bon fonctionnement du système.

6.2.2. 4 KiB Pages on 64-bit machines

After a brief experiment with 64KiB pages in Fedora Core 6, the PowerPC64 kernel has now been switched back to 4KiB pages. The installer should reformat any swap partitions automatically during an upgrade.

6.2.3. Le clavier Apple

The Option key on Apple systems is equivalent to the Alt key on the PC. Where documentation and the installer refer to the Alt key, use the Option key. For some key combinations you may need to use the Option key in conjunction with the Fn key, such as Option+Fn+F3 to switch to virtual terminal tty3.

6.2.4. Notes d'installation pour plateforme PPC

Fedora Installation Disc 1 is bootable on supported hardware. In addition, a bootable CD image appears in the images/ directory of this disc. These images behave differently according to your system hardware:

  • On most machines, the bootloader automatically boots the appropriate 32-bit or 64-bit installer from the install disc. The default gnome-power-manager package includes power management support, including sleep and backlight level management. Users with more complex requirements can use the apmud package. To install apmud after installation, use the following command:

    su -c 'yum install apmud'
  • 64-bit IBM pSeries (POWER4/POWER5), current iSeries models. After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, the bootloader, yaboot, automatically boots the 64-bit installer.

  • IBM "Legacy" iSeries (POWER4).  So-called "Legacy" iSeries models, which do not use OpenFirmware, require use of the boot image located in the images/iSeries directory of the installation tree.

  • 32-bit CHRP (IBM RS/6000 et autres).  After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, select the linux32 boot image at the boot: prompt to start the 32-bit installer. Otherwise, the 64-bit installer starts and fails.

  • Genesi Pegasos II.  At the time of writing, firmware with full support for ISO9660 file systems has not yet been released for the Pegasos. You can use the network boot image, however. At the OpenFirmware prompt, enter the following command:

    boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img

    You must also configure OpenFirmware on the Pegasos manually to make the installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set the boot-device and boot-file environment variables appropriately.

  • Genesi Efika.  At the time of writing, the firmware of the Efika has bugs which prevent correct operation of the yaboot bootloader. An updated firmware should be available by April 2007, in advance of the release of Fedora 8. With a fixed firmware, installation on Efika should be the same as on Pegasos II.

  • Sony PlayStation 3.  For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at http://www.playstation.com/ps3-openplatform/manual.html. A suitable boot loader image is located on the Fedora 8 install media. Once the boot loader is installed, the PlayStation 3 should boot from the Fedora install media. Select the linux64 from the graphical boot menu. For more information on Fedora and the PlayStation3 or Fedora on PowerPC in general, join the Fedora-PPC mailing list or the #fedora-ppc channel on FreeNode.

  • Démarrage sur réseau.  Combined images containing the installer kernel and ramdisk are located in the images/netboot/ directory of the installation tree. They are intended for network booting with TFTP, but can be used in many ways.

    The yaboot loader supports TFTP booting for IBM pSeries and Apple Macintosh. The Fedora Project encourages the use of yaboot over the netboot images.

6.3. Spécificités de l'architecture x86 pour Fedora

Cette section regroupe les informations spécifiques à Fedora pour une plateforme matérielle basée sur une architecture x86.

6.3.1. Configuration matérielle requise pour x86

In order to use specific features of Fedora 8 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

6.3.1.1. Processeur et mémoire

Les spécifications suivantes, relatives aux processeurs, prennent comme référence les processeurs Intel. Les autres processeurs, comme ceux d'AMD, de Cyrix et de VIA, qui sont compatibles et équivalents aux processeurs Intel, peuvent également être utilisés avec Fedora.

Fedora 8 requires an Intel Pentium or better processor, and is optimized for Pentium 4 and later processors.

  • Configuration recommandée pour le mode texte : Pentium 200MHz ou mieux

  • Configuration recommandée pour le mode graphique : Pentium II 400MHz ou mieux

  • Mémoire minimum requise pour le mode texte : 128 Mo

  • Mémoire minimum requise pour le mode graphique : 192 MiB

  • Mémoire recommandée pour le mode graphique : 2565 MiB

6.3.1.2. Espace disque

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 8 after the installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during the installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img on Installation Disc 1 plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

Plus précisément, l'espace supplémentaire peut varier de 90 MiB pour une installation minimale à 175 MiB pour une installation « complète ». La totalité des paquetages peut occuper plus de 9 Go d'espace disque.

De l'espace disque supplémentaire est également nécessaire pour les données des utilisateurs, au moins 5% de l'espace disque total devraient être gardés libres pour garantir le bon fonctionnement du système.

6.4. Spécificités de l'architecture x86_64 pour Fedora

Cette section détaille les informations importantes à propos Fedora et la plateforme matérielle x86_64.

6.4.1. Configuration matérielle requise pour x86_64

In order to use specific features of Fedora 8 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

6.4.1.1. Mémoire requise pour x86_64
  • Minimum RAM for text-mode: 256MiB

  • Minimum RAM for graphical: 384MiB

  • Mémoire recommandée pour le mode graphique : 128 Mo

6.4.1.2. Espace disque requis pour x86_64

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 8 after the installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during the installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img on Installation Disc 1 plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

Plus précisément, l'espace supplémentaire peut varier de 90 MiB pour une installation minimale à 175 MiB pour une installation « complète ». La totalité des paquetages peut occuper plus de 9 Go d'espace disque.

De l'espace disque supplémentaire est également nécessaire pour les données des utilisateurs, au moins 5% de l'espace disque total devraient être gardés libres pour garantir le bon fonctionnement du système.

7. Images live Fedora

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The Fedora release includes several live ISO images in addition to the traditional installation images. These ISO images are bootable, and you can burn them to media and use them to try out Fedora. They also include a feature that allows you to install the Live image content to your hard drive for persistence and higher performance.

7.1. Images disponibles

There are four Live images available for Fedora 8.

  1. Fedora Live (i686, x86_64, ppc). This image includes the GNOME desktop environment, integrates all supported Fedora locales, and features a basic set of productivity applications. Only the i686 version fits on a CD. The x86_64 version has the same feature set and includes multilib packages.

  2. Fedora KDE Live (i686, x86_64). This image includes the KDE desktop environment, with full support for English language only. Only the i686 version fits on a CD. The x86_64 version has the same feature set and includes multilib packages.

  3. Fedora Developer Live (i686). This Live image is designed for software developers, and features the GNOME desktop environment. The toolkit includes the Eclipse integrated development environment, API documentation, and a variety of debugging and profiling utilities.

  4. Fedora Electronic Lab (FEL) Live (i686). This Live image is designed for engineers working on electronics, and includes a toolkit for electronic component design and simulation. The image fits on a CD.

7.2. Informations d'utilisation

To boot from the Live image, insert it into your computer and restart. To log in and use the desktop environment, enter the username fedora. Hit Enter at the password prompt, since there is no password on this account. The Live images do not automatically login so users can select a preferred language. After logging in, if you wish to install the contents of the live image to your hard drive, click on the Install to Hard Drive icon on the desktop.

[Note] No i586 Support

The i686 Live images will not boot on an i586 machine.

7.3. Text Mode Installation

You can do a text mode installation of the Live images using the liveinst command in the console.

7.4. USB Booting

Another way to use these Live images is to put them on a USB stick. To do this, install the livecd-tools package from the development repository. Then, run the livecd-iso-to-disk script:

/usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

Remplacez /dev/sdb1 par la partition sur laquelle vous souhaitez déposez l'image.

Ce n'est pas un processus destructif ; toutes les données présentes sur votre clé USB seront conservés.

7.5. Differences From a Regular Fedora Install

The following items are different from a normal Fedora install with the live images.

  • Live images provide a subset of packages available in the regular DVD image. Both connect to the same repository that has all the packages.

  • SSH is disabled by default and NetworkManager is enabled by default in the Live images. SSH is disabled because the default username in the Live images does not have any password. Installation to hard disk prompts for creating a new user name and password however. NetworkManager is enabled by default since Live images target desktop users.

  • Live image installations do not allow any package selection or upgrade capability since they copy entire the filesystem from media to hard disk or USB disks. After the installation is complete and rebooted, packages can be added and removed as desired with yum or the other software management tools.

  • Live images do not work on i586 architecture.

8. Notes sur les paquetages

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Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

The following sections contain information regarding software packages that have undergone significant changes for Fedora 8. For easier access, they are generally organized using the same groups that are shown in the installation system.

8.1. Yum Changes

The installonlyn plugin functionality has been folded into the core yum package. The installonlypkgs and installonly_limit options are used by default to limit the system to retain only two kernel packages. You can adjust the package set or the number of packages, or disable the option entirely to match your preferences. More details are available in the man page for yum.conf.

The yum command now retries when it detects a lock. This function is useful if a daemon is checking for updates, or if you are running yum and one of its graphical frontends simultaneously.

The yum command now understands a cost parameter in its configuration file, which is the relative cost of accessing a software repository. It is useful for weighing one software repository's packages as greater or less than any other. The cost parameter defaults to 1000.

8.2. Utility Packages

The cryptsetup-luks package has been renamed to cryptsetup.

The i810switch package has been removed. This functionality is now available through the xrandr command in the xorg-x11-server-utils package.

The evolution-exchange package replaces evolution-connector, and provides a capability under the old name.

The system-config-firewall and system-config-selinux packages replace system-config-security-level. The system-config-selinux package is part of the policycoreutils-gui package.

9. Noyau Linux

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This section covers changes and important information regarding the 2.6.23 based kernel in Fedora 8. The 2.6.23 kernel includes:

  • Tickless support for x86 64-bit systems (32-bit was added previously), which greatly improves power management.

  • Certains éléments du projet de noyau temps réel.

  • The kernel spec file is now named kernel.spec rather than kernel-2.6.spec.

  • The kernel spec file has new macros that ease the kernel building process. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel for further information.

  • The kernel in Fedora 8 no longer loads modules by default for ISA sound cards. Load the module by hand using the command modprobe module-name, or put an entry in /etc/modprobe.conf. For example, for the Creative SoundBlaster AWE64, add the following entry:

    install snd-sbawe

9.1. Version

Fedora may include additional patches to the kernel for improvements, bug fixes, or additional features. For this reason, the Fedora kernel may not be line-for-line equivalent to the so-called vanilla kernel from the kernel.org web site:

http://www.kernel.org/

Pour consulter la liste de ces correctifs, téléchargez le paquetage source et lancer la commande suivante dessus :

rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm 

9.2. Changelog

Pour récupérer un log des modifications d'un paquetages, lancez la commande suivante :

rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version> 

Si vous désirez une version agréable et simple du changelog, consultez http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChangeshttp://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges

Les modifications faites pour la version de Fedora sont disponibles depuis la page http://cvs.fedoraproject.orghttp://cvs.fedoraproject.org

9.3. Déclinaisons du noyau

Fedora 8 includes the following kernel builds:

  • Native kernel, for use in most systems. Configured sources are available in the kernel-devel package.

  • The kernel-PAE, for use in 32-bit x86 systems with more than 4GB of RAM, or with CPUs that have an NX (No eXecute) feature. This kernel support both uniprocessor and multi-processor systems. Configured sources are available in the kernel-PAE-devel package.

  • Virtualization kernel for use with the Xen emulator package. Configured sources are available in the kernel-xen-devel package.

You may install kernel headers for all kernel flavors at the same time. The files are installed in the /usr/src/kernels/version[-PAE|-xen|-kdump]-arch/ tree. Use the following command:

su -c 'yum install kernel{,-PAE,-xen,-kdump}-devel' 

Choisissez une ou plusieurs déclinaisons, séparées par des virgules et sans espace. Indiquez le mot de passe root lorsqu'il est demandé.

[Note] x86 Kernel Includes Kdump

Both the x86_64 and the i686 kernels are now relocatable, so they no longer require a separate kernel for kdump capability. PPC64 still requires a separate kdump kernel.

[Note] Support du SMP par le noyau par défaut

Il n'y a pas de noyau SMP séparé disponible dans Fedora pour les architectures i386, x86_64 et ppc64. Les architectures multiprocesseurs sont supportées par le noyau natif.

[Note] Support noyau pour PowerPC

Xen ou kdump ne sont pas supportés sur les architectures PowerPC dans Fedora. PowerPC 32 bits a toujours un noyau SMP séparé.

9.4. Rapporter des bogues

Consultez la page http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.htmlhttp://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html

9.5. Préparation au développement du noyau

Fedora 8 does not include the kernel-source package provided by older versions since only the kernel-devel package is required now to build external modules. Configured sources are available, as described Section 9.3, « Déclinaisons du noyau ».

[Important] Construction d'un noyau personnalisé

For information on kernel development and working with custom kernels, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel.

10. Fedora pour ordinateur de bureau

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Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

This section details changes that affect Fedora graphical desktop users.

10.1. GNOME

This release features GNOME 2.20.

The GNOME splash screen has been disabled upstream intentionally. To enable it, use gconf-editor or the following command:

gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-session/options/show_splash_screen --type bool true

The lock screen dialog theme is not connected to the selected screensaver in this release. To enable it, use gconf-editor or the following command:

gconftool-2 --set  --type string /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_dialog_theme  "system"

10.2. KDE

This release features KDE 3.5.8. In addition, the kdepim package has been updated to a version from the kdepim/enterprise branch, which includes many bugfixes and enhancements beyond the stock upstream kdepim.

Fedora 8 does not include the KDE 4 Desktop because the currently available prerelease versions are not ready for daily use. It does include the KDE 4 Development Platform, which can be used to develop, build, and run KDE 4 applications within KDE 3 or any other desktop environment. See the Development section for more details about what is included.

Since knetworkmanager does not work with the version of NetworkManager available in this release, the KDE Live images use nm-applet from NetworkManager-gnome as a replacement. The gnome-keyring-daemon facility saves passwords for these encryption technologies. The knetworkmanager package in this release is a script that calls nm-applet. The knetworkmanager package will be updated to provide a KDE frontend when a compatible version is available.

Due to the merge of compiz and beryl into compiz-fusion, KDE now uses compiz. To switch from kwin to compiz, use the helper provided in the menu under Settings Desktop Effects.

10.3. Navigateurs web

This release of Fedora includes version 2.0 of the popular Firefox web browser. Refer to http://firefox.com/ for more information about Firefox.

10.3.1. Enabling Flash Plugin

Fedora includes an experimental free and open source implementation of Flash called gnash. We encourage you to experiment with gnash before seeking out Adobe's proprietary Flash plugin software.

To install Adobe Flash plugin follow this procedure:

  1. Visit Adobe's download site.

  2. Choose option 3, Yum repository.

  3. Follow onscreen prompts to install the package.

  4. Launch Applications Add/Remove Software.

  5. Choose the Search tab and enter flash-plugin.

  6. Select the checkbox to install the package.

  7. Close all Firefox windows, and then launch Firefox again.

  8. Type about:plugins in the URL bar to ensure the plugin is loaded.

Users of Fedora x86_64 must install the nspluginwrapper.i386 package to enable the 32-bit Adobe Flash plugin in x86_64 Firefox and the pulseaudio-libs.i386 package to enable sound from the plugin..

  1. Create the 32bit mozilla plugin directory using this command:

    su -c 'mkdir -p /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins'
  2. Install the nspluginwrapper.i386, nspluginwrapper.x86_64, and pulseaudio-libs.i386 packages:

    su -c "yum -y install nspluginwrapper.{i386,x86_64} pulseaudio-libs.i386"
  3. Install flash-plugin as shown above.

  4. Run mozilla-plugin-config to register the flash plugin:

    su -c 'mozilla-plugin-config -i -g -v'
  5. Close all Firefox windows, and then relaunch Firefox.

  6. Type about:plugins in the URL bar to ensure the plugin is loaded.

10.4. Clients mails

The mail-notification package has been split. The Evolution plugin is now in a separate package called mail-notification-evolution-plugin. When you update the mail-notification package, the plugin is added automatically.

This release contains Thunderbird version 2.0, which has numerous performance improvements, folder viewing enhancements, and enhanced mail notification support.

10.5. Liberation Fonts

This release of Fedora includes a set of fonts called "Liberation." These fonts are metric equivalents for well-known proprietary fonts prevalent on the Internet. With these fonts, users will find better cross-platform viewing and printing support for a variety of documents. Future versions of these fonts will be fully hinted.

11. Systèmes de fichiers

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Fedora 8 provides basic support for encrypted swap partitions and non-root file systems. To use it, add entries to /etc/crypttab and reference the created devices in /etc/fstab.

[Note] Encrypted FS Support Unavailable During Install

Enable file system encryption after installation. Anaconda does not have support for creating encrypted block devices.

Voici un exemple de fichier /etc/crypttab pour une partition swap :

my_swap /dev/sdb1 /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 

This command creates an encrypted block device /dev/mapper/my_swap, which can be referenced in /etc/fstab. The next example shows an entry for a filesystem volume:

my_volume /dev/sda5 /etc/volume_key cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 

Le fichier /etc/volume_key contient une clé de cryptage en texte en clair. Vous pouvez également indiquer none comme nom de fichier de clé pour que le système demande la clé de cryptage au démarrage.

The recommended method is to use LUKS for file system volumes. If you are using LUKS you can drop the cipher= declaration in /etc/crypttab).

  1. Create the encrypted volume using cryptsetup luksFormat.

  2. Add the necessary entry to /etc/crypttab.

  3. Set up the volume manually using cryptsetup luksOpen or reboot.

  4. Create a filesystem on the encrypted volume.

  5. Set up an entry in /etc/fstab.

12. Serveurs de courrier

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Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Cette section concerne les serveurs de courriers électroniques ou les agents de transfert de courrier (MTA).

12.1. Sendmail

By default, the Sendmail mail transport agent (MTA) does not accept network connections from any host other than the local computer. To configure Sendmail as a server for other clients, edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc and change the DAEMON_OPTIONS line to also listen on network devices, or comment out this option entirely using the dnl comment delimiter. Then install the sendmail-cf package and regenerate /etc/mail/sendmail.cf by running the following commands:

su -c 'yum install sendmail-cf' 
su -c 'make -C /etc/mail'

13. Développement

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Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Cette section détaille divers outils de développement et fonctionalités.

13.1. Outils

13.1.1. Collection de compilateurs GCC

This release of Fedora has been built with GCC 4.1.2, which is included with the distribution.

13.1.1.1. Code Generation

Starting with gcc-4.1.2-25 and glibc-2.6.90-14, the -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 option protects not only C code, but also C++. There have been several security issues already which would have been unexploitable if this checking was in place earlier. Refer to this announcement for more details.

13.1.2. Eclipse

This release of Fedora includes Fedora Eclipse, based on the Eclipse SDK version 3.3.0. You can read the "New and Noteworthy" page for the 3.3.x series of releases can be accessed at http://download.eclipse.org/eclipse/downloads/drops/R-3.3-2007-06251500/whatsnew/eclipse-news.html. Release notes specific to 3.3.0 are available at http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/readme_eclipse_3.3.html.

The Eclipse SDK is known variously as "the Eclipse Platform," "the Eclipse IDE," and "Eclipse." The Eclipse SDK is the foundation for the combined release of twenty-one Eclipse projects under the Callisto combined release umbrella (http://www.eclipse.org/europa). A few of these Europa projects are included in Fedora:

Other Eclipse projects available in Fedora include:

Assistance in getting more projects packaged and tested with GCJ is always welcome. Contact the interested parties through fedora-devel-java-list (http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-devel-java-list/) and/or #fedora-java on freenode.

Fedora also includes plugins and features that are particularly useful to FLOSS hackers, ChangeLog editing with eclipse-changelog, and Bugzilla interaction with eclipse-mylyn-bugzilla. Our CDT package, eclipse-cdt, includes a snapshot release of work to integrate with the GNU Autotools.

The latest information regarding these projects can be found at the Fedora Eclipse Project page: http://sourceware.org/eclipse/.

13.1.2.1. Greffons/Fonctionnalités non empaquetés

Fedora Eclipse allows non-root users to make use of the Update Manager functionality for installing non-packaged plugins and features. Such plugins are installed in the user's home directory under the .eclipse directory. Please note, however, that these plugins do not have associated GCJ-compiled bits and may therefore run slower than expected.

13.1.2.2. Environnements d'exécution Java alternatifs

The Fedora free JREs do not satisfy every user, so Fedora does allow the installation of alternative JREs. A caveat exists, however, for installing proprietary JREs on 64-bit machines.

The 64-bit JNI libraries shipped by default on x86_64 systems in Fedora do not run on 32-bit JREs. In other words, do not try to run Fedora's x86_64 Eclipse packages on Sun's 32-bit JRE. They fail in confusing ways. Either switch to a 64-bit proprietary JRE, or install the 32-bit version of the packages, if available. To install a 32-bit version, use the following command:

yum install <package_name>.i386 

Likewise, the 32-bit JNI libraries shipped by default on ppc64 systems do not run with a 64-bit JRE. To install the 64-bit version, use the following command:

yum install <package_name>.ppc64 

13.2. KDE 4 Development Platform

Fedora 8 includes KDE 4.0 (beta) development libraries. The following new packages are provided:

  • kdelibs4: KDE 4 libraries

  • kdepimlibs: KDE 4 PIM libraries

  • kdebase4: KDE 4 core runtime files

Use these packages to develop, build and run KDE 4 applications within KDE 3 or any other desktop environment.

The kdebase4 package also includes a beta version of the Dolphin file manager as a technology preview. As this is a beta version, some issues may still be present. If you need a stable version of Dolphin, please install the d3lphin package, which is based on KDE 3 and can be safely installed alongside kdebase4.

These packages are designed to:

  • comply with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), and

  • be completely safe to install in parallel with KDE 3, including the -devel packages.

In order to achieve this, Fedora KDE SIG members made 2 changes to the -devel packages:

  • The library symlinks are installed to /usr/lib/kde4/devel or /usr/lib64/kde4/devel, depending on system architecture.

  • The kconfig_compiler and makekdewidgets tools have been renamed kconfig_compiler4 and makekdewidgets4, respectively.

These changes should be completely transparent to the vast majority of KDE 4 applications that use cmake to build, since FindKDE4Internal.cmake has been patched to match these changes.

Note that kdebase4 does not include the KDE 4 Desktop package kdebase-workspace and its components such as Plasma and KWin version 4. The kdebase-workspace package is still too incomplete and unstable for daily use and would conflict with KDE 3.

14. Sécurité

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Cette section énumère divers éléments liés à la sécurité dans Fedora.

14.1. Security Enhancements

  • Fedora continues to improve its many proactive security features, and FORTIFY_SOURCE has now been enhanced to cover C++ in addition to C, which prevents many security exploits.

  • A brand new graphical firewall configuration tool, system-config-firewall, replaces system-config-securitylevel.

  • This release offers Kiosk functionality via SELinux, among many new enhancements and security policy changes.

  • The glibc package in Fedora 8 now has support for passwords using SHA256 and SHA512 hashing. Before only DES and MD5 were available. The tools to create passwords have not been extended yet, but if such passwords are created in others ways, glibc will recognize and honor them.

  • Secure remote management capability is now provided for Xen, KVM, and QEMU in Fedora 8 virtualization.

14.2. Informations générales

Une présentation générale sur les nombreuses fonctionnalités liées à la sécurité dans Fedora, leurs états actuels ainsi que les différentes politiques de gestion de la sécurité sont disponibles sur http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Security.

14.2.1. SELinux

Les pages du projet SELinux proposent des astuces, des indications de documentation et des références ainsi que certains liens très utiles :

15. IcedTea and java-gcj-compat

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15.1. IcedTea

This release of Fedora includes the IcedTea environment. IcedTea is a build harness for Sun's OpenJDK code that replaces encumbered parts of OpenJDK with Free Software replacements. IcedTea provides a more complete, compatible environment than GCJ, including support for building and running bytecode up to the 1.6 level. Users of IcedTea should be aware of a few caveats:

  • There is no ppc or ppc64 support. Users of ppc and ppc64 systems should continue to use GCJ.

  • There is no support for the Java sound APIs.

  • There are a few missing cryptographic algorithms.

15.2. Gestion des applets Java

The Fedora IcedTea packages also include an adaptation of gcjwebplugin that runs untrusted applets safely in a web browser. The plugin is packaged as java-1.7.0-icedtea-plugin.

  • The gcjwebplugin adaptation has no support for the bytecode-to-Javascript bridge, so applets that rely on this bridge will not work.

  • The gcjwebplugin adaptation has no support for signed applets. Signed applets will run in untrusted mode.

  • The gcjwebplugin security policy may be overly restrictive. To enable restricted applets, run firefox -g in a terminal window to see what is being restricted, then grant the restricted permission in /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-icedtea-1.7.0.0/jre/lib/security/java.policy.

15.3. java-gcj-compat

This release of Fedora includes java-gcj-compat. The java-gcj-compat collection includes a tool suite and execution environment that is capable of building and running many useful programs that are written in the Java programming language.

The java-gcj infrastructure has three key components: a GNU Java runtime (libgcj), the Eclipse Java compiler (ecj), and a set of wrappers and links (java-gcj-compat) that present the runtime and compiler to the user in a manner similar to other Java environments.

The Java software packages in this Fedora release use the java-gcj-compat environment. These packages include OpenOffice.org Base, Eclipse, and Apache Tomcat. Refer to the Java FAQ at http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/JavaFAQ for more information on the java-gcj-compat free Java environment in Fedora.

[Important] Précisez l'emplacement ainsi que la version dans les rapports de bugs.

Lorsque vous rédigez un rapport de bogue, soyez sûr d'inclure le résultat des commandes suivantes :

which java && java -version && which javac && javac -version 

15.4. Gestion de Java et des paquetages Java

In addition to the java-gcj-compat free software stack, Fedora lets you install multiple Java implementations and switch between them using the alternatives command line tool. However, every Java system you install must be packaged using the JPackage Project packaging guidelines to take advantage of alternatives. Once these packages are installed properly, the root user may switch between java and javac implementations using the alternatives command:

alternatives --config java alternatives --config javac 

A simpler way to switch Java alternatives is using the sytsem-switch-java tool included in Fedora.

15.5. Fedora et les paquetages Java JPackage

Fedora includes many packages derived from the JPackage Project, which provides a Java software repository. These packages are modified in Fedora to remove proprietary software dependencies and to make use of GCJ's ahead-of-time compilation feature. Use the Fedora repositories to update these packages, or use the JPackage repository for packages not provided by Fedora. Refer to the JPackage website at http://jpackage.org for more information on the project and the software it provides.

[Avertissement] Mélanger des paquetages de Fedora et de JPackage

Renseignez-vous sur la compatibilité des paquetages avant d'installer un logiciel provenant des dépôts Fedora ou de JPackage. Des paquetages incompatibles entre eux peuvent être sources de problèmes.

Refer to the latest release notes pertaining to Eclipse at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/Devel/Tools/Eclipse.

15.6. Maven (v2)

This release of Fedora includes maven2, a Java project management and project comprehension tool. Maven can be invoked by the mvn and mvn-jpp commands. The former makes Maven behave just like upstream Maven, while the latter calls mvn with additional properties that make off-line building easier.

The maven2 package in Fedora is modified to work in a fully off-line mode. With no additional properties defined (the mvn command), maven2 works exactly like upstream Maven. Users may define additional properties to facilitate off-line builds, or call mvn-jpp, a wrapper that defines the most commonly used properties for off-line building. The properties and their usage details are described in the /usr/share/doc/maven2-2.0.4/maven2-jpp-readme.html file, which comes from the maven2-manual package.

16. Multimédia

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Fedora inclut des applications pour diverses fonctionnalités multimédia, comme la lecture, l'enregistrement et l'édition. Des paquetages supplémentaires sont disponibles sur le dépôt de la collection de paquetages Fedora. Pour plus d'informations sur le multimédia dans Fedora, consultez la section multimédia sur le site du Projet Fedora à l'adresse http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Multimedia.

16.1. Lecteurs multimédia

L'installation par défaut de Fedora comprend Rhythmbox et Totem pour la lecture multimédia. Les dépôts Fedora proposent d'autres programmes populaires comme le lecteur XMMS et l'application KDE amaroK. GNOME et KDE proposent tous deux un ensemble de lecteurs multimédia capables de lire de nombreux formats. Des logiciels tiers peuvent offrir la possibilité de lire d'autres formats de fichiers.

Fedora tire également pleinement partie du système sonore Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA). De nombreux programmes peuvent jouer des sons simultanément, ce qui fut autrefois l'une des difficultés des systèmes Linux. Une fois que toutes les applications multimédia sont configurées pour utiliser ALSA, cette limitation disparaît. Pour plus d'informations sur ALSA, visitez la page web du projet sur http://www.alsa-project.org/http://www.alsa-project.org/

16.2. Ogg et les formats de la Fondation Xiph.Org

Fedora supporte pleinement le format conteneur Ogg, ainsi que le format audio Vorbis, le format vidéo Theora, et les formats audio sans perte Speex et FLAC. Ces formats sont librement distribuables et ne sont pas sous l'égide de brevets ou de licences. Ils représentent une alternative flexible et puissante aux formats plus populaires, sujets à restrictions. Le Projet Fedora encourage l'utilisation des formats libres en lieu et place des formats sujets à des restrictions. Pour plus d'informations sur ces formats et pour une aide à leur utilisation, référez-vous au site web de la Fondation Xiph.org http://www.xiph.org/.http://www.xiph.org/

16.3. MP3, DVD et autres formats multimédia exclus de la distribution

Les dépôts logiciels Fedora ne peuvent inclure le support du MP3 et du DVD, aussi bien pour la lecture que l'enregistrement. Les formats MP3 sont brevetés et les détenteurs de ce brevet n'ont pas fourni les licences nécessaires à l'utilisation de ce brevet. Les formats vidéo DVD sont brevetés et équipés d'un mécanisme de cryptage. Les détenteurs de ce brevet n'ont pas fourni les licences nécessaires, et le code utilisé pour décrypter ce cryptage CSS peut enfreindre la loi Digital Millennium Copyright Act, une des lois relatives au copyright aux États-Unis. Fedora exclut également certaines applications multimédia à cause de brevets, de copyright ou de licences restrictives, tel que Adobe Flash Player et Real Player de Real Media. Pour plus d'informations sur le sujet, consultez la page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItemshttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems

Alors que d'autres méthodes pour lire le MP3 sous Fedora sont disponibles, Fluendo offre désormais un greffon libre pour GStreamer qui est sous une licence adaptée aux utilisateurs finaux. Ce greffon activera le support MP3 à toutes les applications qui utilisent le cadre d'application multimédia GStreamer. Fedora ne contient pas ce greffon car nous préférons supporter et encourager l'utilisation de formats de fichiers ouverts. Pour plus d'informations sur ce greffon MP3, consultez le site de Fluendo http://www.fluendo.com/.

16.4. Création et gravure de CD et DVD

Fedora software repositories includes a variety of tools for easily mastering and burning CDs and DVDs. GNOME users can burn directly from the Nautilus file manager, choose the gnomebaker or graveman packages, or utilize the older xcdroast package from Fedora. KDE users can use the robust k3b package for these tasks. Console tools include cdrecord, readcd, mkisofs, and other popular applications.

16.5. Screencasts

You can use Fedora to create and play back screencasts, which are recorded desktop sessions, using open technologies. Fedora Package Collection software repository includes istanbul, which creates screencasts using the Theora video format. These videos can be played back using one of several players included in Fedora. This is the preferred way to submit screencasts to the Fedora Project for either developer or end-user use. For a more comprehensive how-to, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ScreenCasting.

16.6. Support étendu grâce aux greffons

Most of the media players in Fedora software repositories can use plugins to add support for additional media formats and sound output systems. Some use powerful multimedia frameworks, like the gstreamer package, to handle media format support and sound output. Fedora software repositories offer plugin packages for these backends and for individual applications. Third parties may provide additional plugins to add even greater capabilities.

17. Jeux et divertissement

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Fedora provides a selection of games that cover a variety of genres. Users can install a small package of games for GNOME (called gnome-games) and KDE (kdegames). There are also many additional games that span every major genre available in the repositories.

Le site du Projet Fedora possède une section dédiée aux jeux détaillant la plupart des jeux disponibles, les décrivant et expliquant la procédure d'installation. Pour plus d'informations, consultez la page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Games.

For a list of other games that are available for installation, use the Pirut graphical utility (ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software), or via the command line:

yum groupinfo "Games and Entertainment" 

For help using yum to install the assorted game packages, refer to the guide available at:x

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/

17.1. Haxima

Fedora 8 includes version 0.5.6 of the Nazghul old-school role playing game engine and its companion game Haxima. This version is not compatible with saved games from previous Nazghul versions, so those with Haxima games in progress need to restart their games after updating to Fedora 8.

18. Virtualisation

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Virtualization in Fedora 8 supports both Xen and KVM virtualization platforms. The libvirt API and its corresponding tools, virt-manager and virsh, have been updated to support both KVM and Xen. Users can choose which virtualization platform to install, and use the same tools without regard to that choice.

Xen in Fedora 8 is based on version 3.1.0.

KVM in Fedora 8 is based on version 36-2.

For more information on the differences between Xen and KVM, refer to http://virt.kernelnewbies.org/TechComparison. For more information on installing and using virtualization in Fedora 8, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Fedora8VirtQuickStart.

18.1. Changements aux paquetages de virtualisation

The following improvements have been made in the virtualization packages in Fedora 8:

  • Secure remote management of guest domains. Features include:

  • Introduction of Virt Viewer, a lightweight, minimal UI for interacting with the graphical console of virtual machines. Virt Viewer serves as a replacement for vncviewer.

  • The LibVNCServer implementation has been removed from Xen and replaced with QEMU.

  • Introduction of GTK-VNC, a GTK widget which provides a VNC client. For more information on GTK-VNC refer to http://gtk-vnc.sourceforge.net/.

19. Système X Window (Système graphique)

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Cette section contient des informations relatives à l'implémentation du système X Window, X.org, dans Fedora.

19.1. Changements de configuration de X

Le serveur X X.org 7.2 a été modifié pour détecter et configurer automatiquement la plupart du matériel, éliminant le besoin pour les utilisateurs et les administrateurs de modifier le fichier de configuration /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Le seul matériel configuré par défaut dans le fichier xorg.conf par anaconda est :

  • Les pilotes graphiques

  • La disposition de clavier

Tout autre matériel, comme les moniteurs ( LCD et CRT), souris USB et touchpads seront détectés et configurés automatiquement.

Le serveur X vérifie les moniteurs supportés dans les plages de résolution et essaye de prendre la meilleure résolution disponible avec un ratio correcteur pour l'écran. Les utilisateurs peuvent choisir leur résolution préférées dans SystèmePréférencesRésolution de l'écran, la résolution pour le système peut être modifié dans SystèmeAdministrationAffichage.

Si le fichier de configuration /etc/X11/xorg.conf n'est pas présent, X essayera de détecter automatiquement le pilote approprié et optera pour une disposition du clavier en 105-key US.

19.2. Les notes du pilote Intel

Fedora 8 contains two drivers for Intel integrated graphics controllers:

  • Le pilote par défaut i810 contient un support pour les chipsets graphiques Intel de dernière génération et incluant les chipsets i945 et i965

  • Le pilote expérimental intel contient un support pour les chipsets graphiques Intel incluant le i945

Le pilote i810 est limité à la résolution fournie par le BIOS. Si vous avez besoin du support de résolutions non standards comme celles utilisées sur les écrans larges, vous aurez besoin de basculer vers le pilote intel. Vous pouvez changer de pilote en utilisant system-config-display, disponible dans le menu SystèmeAdministrationAffichage.

Vous êtes les bienvenus pour envoyer des retours sur le pilote expérimental intel. Rapporter vos installations avec succès dans Bugzilla en attachant la sortie complète de la commande lspci -vnpour votre système. Fournir des rapports de succès devrait passer à une utilisation du pilote intel par défaut.

19.3. Pilotes vidéo tiers

If you intend to use third party video drivers, refer to the Xorg third party drivers page for detailed guidelines:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Xorg/3rdPartyVideoDrivers

20. Serveurs de base de données

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

20.1. MySQL

Fedora now provides MySQL 5.0.45. For a list of the enhancements provided by this version, refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/mysql-5-0-nutshell.html.

Pour plus d'informations sur la manière mettre à jour des bases de données depuis une version antérieure de MySQL, consultez le site web de MySQL à l'adresse http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/upgrade.html.

20.1.1. Pilote DBD

The MySQL DBD driver has been dual-licensed and the related licensing issues have been resolved (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=222237). The resulting apr-util-mysql package is now included in the Fedora software repositories.

20.2. PostgreSQL

This release of Fedora includes PostgreSQL 8.2.4. For more information on this new version, refer to http://www.postgresql.org/docs/whatsnew.

[Important] Mise à jour de bases de données

Before upgrading an existing Fedora system with a PostgreSQL database, it could be necessary to follow the procedure described at http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/interactive/install-upgrading.html. Otherwise the data may be not accessible by the new version of PostgreSQL.

21. Internationalisation (i18n)

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Cette section énumère les informations relatives au support de nombreuses langues dans Fedora.

21.1. Language Coverage

21.1.1. Language support installation

To install additional language support from the Languages group, use Pirut via ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software, or run this command:

su -c 'yum groupinstall
	<language>-support'

Dans la commande ci-dessus, <language> est une des langues suivantes : assamese, bengali, chinese, gujarati, hindi, japanese, kannada, korean, malayalam, marathi, oriya, punjabi, sinhala, tamil, thai, ou telegu.

Users upgrading from earlier releases of Fedora are strongly recommended to install scim-bridge-gtk, which works well with 3rd party C++ applications linked against older versions of libstdc++.

To add SCIM support to input a particular language, install scim-lang-LANG, where LANG is one of assamese, bengali, chinese, dhivehi, farsi, gujarati, hindi, japanese, kannada, korean, latin, malayalam, marathi, oriya, punjabi, sinhalese, tamil, telugu, thai, or tibetan.

21.1.2. Transifex

This release features Transifex, a new tool designed to facilitate contributing translations to projects hosted on remote and disparate version control systems. Core packages in this release use Transifex to receive translations from numerous contributors.

Through a combination of new Web tools, community growth, and better processes, translators can now contribute directly to any upstream project through one translator-oriented Web interface. Developers of projects with no existing translation community can easily reach out to Fedora's established community for translations. In turn, translators can reach out to numerous projects related to Fedora to easily contribute translations.

21.2. Fonts

In Fedora 8 fonts for all available languages are now installed by default on the desktop to give good default language coverage. Most of the fonts in generically named font packages have been moved to their own packages to reflect the upstream name and make font choices easier.

21.2.1. Arabic fonts

  • The kacst-fonts and paktype-fonts packages have been split out of fonts-arabic.

21.2.2. Chinese fonts

  • the cjkunifonts-fonts package has been split out of fonts-chinese into two subpackages for the Uming and Ukai faces.

  • The taipeifonts package has been split out of fonts-chinese.

  • The wqy-bitmap-fonts package is now installed by default with Chinese support.

  • The wqy-unibit-fonts package has been added.

21.2.3. Hebrew fonts

  • The culmus-fonts fonts package has been split out of fonts-hebrew.

21.2.4. Indic fonts

  • The lohit-fonts package has been split out of fonts-indic.

21.2.5. Japanese fonts

  • The sazanami-fonts package has been split out of fonts-japanese into two subpackages for the Gothic and Mincho faces.

  • The jisksp16-1990-fonts package has been split out of fonts-japanese.

  • The knm_new-fonts package has been split out of fonts-japanese.

VLGothic-fonts will become the new default Japanese font starting in Fedora 9.

21.2.6. Korean fonts

  • The baekmuk-ttf-fonts and baekmuk-bdf-fonts packages have been split out of fonts-korean. The baekmuk-ttf-fonts package provides four subpackages for Batang, Dotum, Gulim and Headline typefaces.

21.2.7. Sinhala font

  • The lklug-fonts package has been split out of fonts-sinhala.

21.3. Input Methods

21.3.1. Improved im-chooser

The user interface of im-chooser has been improved to be simpler and easier to understand.

Input methods only start by default on desktops running in an Asian locale. The current list is: as, bn, gu, hi, ja, kn, ko, ml, mr, ne, or, pa, si, ta, te, th, ur, vi, zh). Use im-chooser via SystemPreferencesPersonalInput Method to enable or disable SCIM on your desktop. To make changes effective, you must restart the desktop session.

21.3.2. SCIM hotkeys

The following table lists the default SCIM trigger hotkeys for different languages:

Langue Touches de raccourcis
Tout Ctrl+Espace
Japonais Zenkaku_Hankaku ou Alt+`
Coréen Shift+Espace ou Hangul

21.3.3. Other input methods

This release adds support for the nabi input method for Korean Hangul.

22. Rétro-compatibilité

[Astuce] Les notes de sortie les plus récentes sont disponibles sur le web

Ces notes de sortie peuvent être mises à jour. Rendez-vous sur http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ pour consulter les dernières notes de sortie de Fedora.

Fedora provides legacy system libraries for compatibility with older software. This software is part of the Legacy Software Development group, which is not installed by default. Users who require this functionality may select this group either during installation or after the installation process is complete. To install the package group on a Fedora system, use ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software (Pirut) or enter the following command in a terminal window:

su -c 'yum groupinstall "Legacy Software Development"'

Entrez le mot de passe root lorsqu'il vous est demandé.

22.1. Compiler Compatibility

Le paquetage compat-gcc-34 a été inclus pour des raisons de compatibilité :

https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-list/2006-August/msg00409.html

23. Modification des paquetages

Pour obtenir une liste des paquetages ayant été mis à jour depuis la version précédente, consultez la page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/PackageChanges/UpdatedPackageshttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/PackageChanges/UpdatedPackages

24. Le Projet Fedora

The goal of the Fedora Project is to work with the Linux community to build a complete, general-purpose operating system exclusively from open source software. The Fedora Project is driven by the individuals that contribute to it. As a tester, developer, documenter, or translator, you can make a difference. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/join-fedora.html for details. For information on the channels of communication for Fedora users and contributors, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.

Le Projet Fedora est dirigé par les personnes qui y contribuent. En tant que testeur, développeur, rédacteur de documentation ou traducteur, vous pouvez faire la différence. Lisez la page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Join pour plus d'informations. Pour plus d'informations sur les réseaux de communication pour les utilisateurs de Fedora et les contributeurs, consultez la page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicatehttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate

En plus du site web, les listes de diffusion suivantes sont disponibles :

Pour vous abonner à l'une de ces listes de diffusion, envoyez un e-mail avec le mot « subscribe » comme sujet à <listname>-request, où <listname> est l'une des listes ci-dessus. Vous pouvez également vous abonner aux listes de diffusion de Fedora grâce à l'interface Web à l'adresse http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/.

Le Projet Fedora utilise également un certain nombre de salons IRC (Internet Relay Chat). L'IRC est un moyen de communication en temps réel basé sur du texte, similaire à la messagerie instantannée. Avec l'IRC, vous pouvez converser avec de nombreuses personnes sur des salons publiques, ou en privé avec une seule personne à la fois. Pour discuter avec d'autres participants au Projet Fedora via IRC, connectez-vous au réseau IRC Freenode. Consultez le site de Freenode pour plus d'informations à l'adresse http://www.freenode.net/http://www.freenode.net/

Les participants au Projet Fedora fréquentent le salon #fedora sur le réseau Freenode, alors que les développeurs du Projet Fedora peuvent être trouvés sur le salon #fedora-devel. Certains projets plus importants peuvent avoir leur propre salon IRC. Cette information est disponible sur la page de chaque projet, et sur la page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicatehttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate

Pour discuter sur le salon #fedora, vous aurez besoin d'enregistrer votre pseudonyme, ou nick. Les instructions sont fournies lorque vous rejoignez le salon avec la commande /join.

[Note] Salons IRC

Le Projet Fedora et Red Hat n'exercent aucun contrôle sur les salons IRC du Projet Fedora et leur contenu.

25. Colophon

Nous utilisons le terme colophon pour :

  • reconnaître les contributeurs et leur confier des responsabilités, et ...

  • expliquer les outils et les méthodes de productions.

25.1. Contributeurs

... and many more translators. Refer to the Web-updated version of these release notes as we add translators after release:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

25.2. Méthodes de production

Beat writers produce the release notes directly on the Fedora Project Wiki. They collaborate with other subject matter experts during the test release phase of Fedora to explain important changes and enhancements. The editorial team ensures consistency and quality of the finished beats, and ports the Wiki material to DocBook XML in a revision control repository. At this point, the team of translators produces other language versions of the release notes, and then they become available to the general public as part of Fedora. The publication team also makes them, and subsequent errata, available via the Web.